Ecological and Environmental State of the North-western Algerian Coast

The present study is an analysis of the evolution of the ecological environment natural habitats on a number of years framed in three decades. It is interested in the coastal ecosystem (ecosystem, habitat nature, and Posidonia) in Oran (Algeria). The research activity has exactly been guided in the Department of Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Nature, Oran University, the North-West of Algeria 2012-2013. The methods used in the study are largely based on several environmental and ecological data acquired during the last thirty years, supplemented by field research and personal observations (dives, offshore work, surveys along the coast). Then the data were collected to arrive at the proposal of a scalable representation of the band of the Oran coast state. During the last thirty years the western Algerian coast has experienced a loss of space and of species (Macta, Kristel, Ain El-Turk Village), and urban expansion has occurred mainly along the coast. The touristic, industrial, and residential development has not taken environmental quality into consideration and has largely contributed to its degradation and to the pollution of the marine and coastal local ecosystem (Targa and El Maleh zone). Today the local environmental and ecological factors are displayed and their variability is relatively identified. It is just as critical to generate studies and efforts to protect the coastal species and habitats, as well as oversight and ongoing discussions of the existing rich ecosystem. Also, laws in favor of marine and coastal resource protection must be applied.