Adaptive Strategies of Desert Plants in Coping with the Harsh Conditions of Desert Environments: A Review

The low and erratic precipitation of desert habitats and the resultant drought have been a huge environmental challenge to the desert flora. Because these organisms must harmonize their structures and functions to thrive in their environments, they have evolved a range of strategies to survive the drought that characterizes the desert ecosystem. Desert plants have adopted some strategies like drought tolerance, drought escape, and succulence as the means to conserve and use water. Also, to minimize the rate of transpiration, they have evolved leaf sclerophylly. All these adaptations and more, play an important role in the organisms’ ability to conquer the harsh conditions of desert environments amidst the prevailing climate changes. It seems that some of these plants could potentially serve as models for understanding drought adaptation mechanisms and their potential uses. It is expected that understanding the response of plants to increasing drought would be important in the light of global and regional climate changes, not only to forecast population dynamics in natural ecosystems but also to adjust management processes in agronomy and vegetation management for improvement.